Pioneers, Ploughs, and Politics: New Brunswick Planned Settlements

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 Bibliography

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Robert Shives, emigration officer, annual report for 1860. – 1 February 1861. – 10 pp. of textual records. This report was read in the Executive Council on 16 April 1861. Here Shives records the arrival of three ships – Elizabeth, Argentinus, and Hiawatha – noting the number and types of passengers they carried. He also mentions the arrival of other immigrant ships and states that many recent immigrants have remained in New Brunswick unlike in the past. Most importantly for Bishop Sweeny, Shives reiterates the Bishop’s view that poor families living in towns and cities who are “without any reasonable hope of ever improving their condition” would be far better off in the country. There, Shives states “they will have the satisfaction of seeing their children grow up around them, and in time, become like themselves, the owners and tillers of land, instead of being scattered far and wide….” Shives’s support of the Labour Act and the establishment of rural settlements would have given credence to the Bishop’s arguments for the Johnville project that was being discussed in government at the time. RS24-1861-re-3 Legislative Assembly sessional record, PANB.


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